Method for producing a cable

ABSTRACT

It is a known practice to hammer cables for specific applications that require a smooth surface for the cable. Notches in the cable and breaks that soon arise as a result of said notches are accepted. To prevent cable damage of this type, an intermediate layer consisting of a thermoplastic plastic is applied to the core cable or core strand prior to the stranding process and the outer strand layer is pressed into the heated plastic during said stranding process. It has been demonstrated that this type of support for the outer strands does not impair the hammering process or the desired deformation. Notches in intersecting cable strands do not occur. The plastic intermediate layer acts in a similar manner to a sealed liquid, in which the pressure prevails on all sides, resisting the hammer blows that impact simultaneously from different sides and preventing increased forces from being produced between the intersecting cable strands. A cable comprising a core consisting of a plastic strand can also be hammered if necessary in such a manner.

The invention concerns a method for producing a wire cable with a core cable or core strand, in which, after the outer strand layer has been stranded, the wire cable is hammered to smooth its surface and/or to increase its space factor.

Wire cables of this type are well known for special applications in which a smooth surface of the wire cable is of prime importance, e.g., because they are dragged over the ground. An example of such applications is the lumber industry.

Without hammering, individual protruding wires would quickly break at the surface, which would lead to operational disruptions, increase the risk of accidents, and make the cable unusable. Notches in the cable produced by hammering and the internal wire breaks that soon occur as a result of this notching are accepted as a tradeoff.

The objective of the invention is to prevent wire damage caused by hammering to the greatest possible extent.

In accordance with the invention, this objective is achieved by applying an intermediate layer of a plastic material to the core cable or core strand before the outer layer of strands is stranded and by pressing the outer layer of strands into the plastic during the stranding process.

It was found that the support of the outer strands on the elastic plastic does not impair the hammering and the desired deformations. In a hammer works in which hammers adapted to the curvature of the surface of the cable strike simultaneously from different sides and essentially completely surround the surface of the cable at the instant of their simultaneous striking of the surface of the cable on an axial length of at least twice the cable diameter, the plastic apparently does not have enough time or space to escape from under the blow. The cavities between the outer layer of strands and the core cable or core strand are preferably filled with the plastic as far as the wedge-shaped spaces between the wires bounding these cavities.

Deformation of the outer strands occurs, more or less excluding those cross-sectional regions of the wire on the underside that are surrounded by the plastic and receive the counterpressure of the plastic everywhere perpendicular to their surface; they are thus not exposed to any deforming forces here. Directed forces, which deform the wires, occur on the upper side of these wires, which is not surrounded by plastic. Under these conditions, very strong deformation of the outer strands is possible. If the outer strands constitute a large portion of the cable diameter, reductions of the diameter of the wire cable of more than 10% can be achieved. A 5% reduction of the diameter can probably be achieved in most cases.

Deformation of the core cable or the core strand, the latter to a lesser extent, continues similarly towards the inside to a diminished extent but in the opposite way: Here, the outer wires remain essentially unchanged on the outside and are deformed on the inside, including the remaining strand cross section, such that the deformation more or less continues further into the interior of the cable.

Essentially no notches occur at intersecting wires of the core cable or the core strand, on the one hand, and of the outer strands, on the other hand.

The plastic intermediate layer does not really act as direct cushioning between these wires, but rather the conditions are comparable to a confined liquid, in which the pressure is exerted towards all sides, so that no significantly increased forces at all arise between the intersecting wires.

In accordance with the invention, it is possible to produce wire cables with an extraordinarily high metal cross section that have no internal damage and, in addition, have a very smooth surface.

It is also possible to produce a wire cable with great structural stability due to close denticulation of the outer strand layer with the core cable or the core strand by the elastic intermediate plastic layer and at the same time greater compression than is possible by other methods, such as compression of a core cable by rolling.

On the other hand, if it is desired that the denticulation be reduced, it is possible to use a core cable with smoothed outer strands or a smooth core strand.

The aforementioned compression of an outer strand layer on an elastic substrate made of plastic in accordance with the invention can also be realized in a wire cable with a core that consists exclusively of a plastic strand: here too, the wire cable can be hammered after the stranding of the strand layer, and thus the strand layer can be compressed and smoothed.

The wire cable receives a higher space factor and becomes resistant to surface wear, especially when running over rollers.

As a rule, standard strands with a core wire and only one wire layer or parallel-lay strands are used for the outer strand layer, since they have no wire intersections.

However, it is also possible to use strands with a readily deformable core, e.g., a core of soft iron or plastic.

As has already been hinted, it is advantageous to use preferably four hammers for the hammering, which are moved towards the wire cable from different sides and essentially completely surround it with adapted curvatures at the instant of their simultaneous impact.

In addition, the hammers should have an axial extent of at least twice the cable diameter and preferably should have an expanded, tapering inlet.

If there should be a need for it, after it has been hammered, a wire cable of the invention could additionally be subjected to a surface treatment or coated or provided with a sheath.

The wire cable can also serve as the core cable for the production of a wire cable, which then has, for example, an additional counterwound strand layer on the smooth surface.

The cross-sectional drawing shows an embodiment of a wire cable produced in accordance with the invention.

A core cable 1, which consists of a central core strand 2 (1+6) and six strands 3 (1+6), is surrounded by a thermoplastic 4.

During the stranding process on the core cable 1, an outer strand layer 5 that consists of six strands 6 (1+6) is pressed into the plastic 4, which has been softened by heating.

The wire cable produced in this way was hammered in the manner described above.

During this treatment, the outer strands 6 were strongly deformed. However, on their underside,-the wire cross-sectional sections 8 that lie in the plastic 4, i.e., that lie below the dot-dash line 7, are largely preserved in their original form.

The core cable 1 was also somewhat deformed and compressed, but this occurred to only a slight extent in this case and is not shown in the drawing. 

1. Method for producing a wire cable with a core cable or core strand, in which, after the outer strand layer has been stranded, the wire cable is hammered to smooth its surface and/or to increase its space factor, wherein an intermediate layer of a plastic material is applied to the core cable or core strand before the outer layer of strands is stranded, and the outer layer of strands is pressed into the plastic during the stranding process.
 2. Method for producing a wire cable with a core that consists of a plastic strand, on which a layer of strands is stranded, wherein the wire cable is hammered after the stranding of the strand layer.
 3. Method in accordance with claim 1, wherein a thermoplastic is used for the intermediate layer, which is preferably heated during the process of stranding the outer strand layer.
 4. Method in accordance with claim 1, wherein standard strands with a core wire and one wire layer or parallel-lay strands are used for the outer strand layer.
 5. Method in accordance with claim 1, wherein strands with readily deformable core, especially a core of soft iron or plastic, e used for the outer strand layer.
 6. Method in accordance with claim 1, wherein preferably four hammers are used for the hammering, which are moved towards the wire cable from different sides and essentially completely surround it with adapted curvatures at the instant of their simultaneous impact.
 7. Method in accordance with claim 1, wherein hammers are used which have an axial extent of at least twice the cable diameter and preferably have an expanded, tapering inlet.
 8. Method in accordance with claim 1, wherein after it has en hammered, the wire cable is subjected to a surface treatment or ated or provided with a sheath.
 9. Wire cable, which is hammered to smooth its surface and/or to compress it, wherein it has a plastic intermediate layer (4) or a plastic core beneath the hammered outer strand layer (5).
 10. Wire cable in accordance with claim 9, wherein the outer strand layer (5) consists of standard strands (6) with a core wire and only one wire layer or parallel-lay strands. 